Phonology: Minimal Pairs 1.1
In this exercise, you will be asked to select which pair of words are ‘minimal pairs’, those that share all identical sounds except for one.
Minimal pairs are used to show which sounds in a language are distinctive. If exchanging one phoneme for another changes the meaning of a word, then we know that that sound is distinct and not an allophone of another.
For more information on minimal pairs and distinct phonemes, refer to the tutorial “The Basics of Phonology.”
Minimal pairs are used to show which sounds in a language are distinctive. If exchanging one phoneme for another changes the meaning of a word, then we know that that sound is distinct and not an allophone of another.
For more information on minimal pairs and distinct phonemes, refer to the tutorial “The Basics of Phonology.”
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Question 1 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | butter/bother Hint: par/per are minimal pairs since they only differ in the vowel sound.
/paɹ/ /pʌɹ/
butter/bother differ in 2 sounds: /ʌ/ vs./a, /ɾ/ vs. /ð/ |
B | stint/shrimp Hint: par/per are minimal pairs since they only differ in the vowel sound.
/paɹ/ /pʌɹ/
stint/shrimp differ in 3 sounds: /ɹ/, /n/ vs. /m/, /t/ vs. /p/ |
C | par/per |
Question 2 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | groom/grump Hint: groom/grump differ in two phonemes: /u/ vs. /ʌ/, final /p/ in grump
heart/chart are minimal pairs: /haɹt/ /tʃaɹt/ |
B | heart/chart |
C | two/too Hint: These words do not differ at all.
/tu/ /tu/
heart/chart are minimal pairs: /haɹt/ /tʃaɹt/ |
Question 3 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | stair/ tar Hint: These words differ in two phonemes.
flame/phlegm are minimal pairs:
/flem/ /flɛm/
stair/ tar differ in two sounds: initial /s/ in stair, /e/ vs. /a/ |
B | pain/pant Hint: These words differ in two phonemes.
flame/phlegm are minimal pairs:
/flem/ /flɛm/
pain/pant differ in two sounds: /ej/ vs. /æ/, final /t/ in pant |
C | flame/phlegm |
Question 4 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | sound/sand |
B | paper/pebble Hint: paper/pebble differ in more than two phonemes. In fact, they only share the initial /p/.
sound/sand are minimal pairs: /sawnd/ /sænd/
They differ only in the vowel sound. |
C | soup/slip Hint: soup/slip differ in two phonemes: /u/ vs. /ɪ/, /l/ in slip
sound/sand are minimal pairs: /sawnd/ /sænd/
They differ only in the vowel sound. |
Question 5 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | sent/sand Hint: These words differ in two phonemes.
slick/slit are minimal pairs: /slɪk/ /slɪt/
sent/sand differ in tow sounds: /ɛ/ vs. /æ/, /t/ vs. /d/ |
B | slick/slit |
C | pant/pair Hint: These words differ in two phonemes.
slick/slit are minimal pairs: /slɪk/ /slɪt/
pant/pair differ in two sounds: /æ/ vs. /e/, /n/ vs. /ɹ/, and word final /t/ in pant |
Question 6 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | cheap/sheep |
B | love/loaf Hint: love/loaf differ in two phonemes: /ʌ/ vs. /o/, /v/ vs. /f/
cheap/sheep are minimal pairs: /tʃip/ /ʃip/ |
C | live/lift Hint: live/lift differ in two phonemes: /v/ vs. /f/, final /t/ in lift
cheap/sheep are minimal pairs: /tʃip/ /ʃip/ |
Question 7 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | light/late |
B | won/one Hint: These words do not differ in any phonemes.
/wʌn/ /wʌn/
light/late are minimal pairs: /lajt/ /let/
They differ in the vowel sounds. |
C | slight/spit Hint: slight/spit differ in two phonemes: /l/ vs. /p/, /aj/ vs. /ɪ/
light/late are minimal pairs: /lajt/ /let/
They differ in the vowel sounds. |
Question 8 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | teeth/sleet Hint: teeth/sleet differ in more than two phonemes: /t/ vs. /s/, /l/ in sleet, /ɵ/ vs. /t/
peers/pierce are minimal pairs: /piɹz/ /piɹs/ |
B | peers/pierce |
C | flour/flower Hint: These words do not differ at all.
peers/pierce are minimal pairs: /piɹz/ /piɹs/ |
Question 9 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | post/port Hint: post/port differ in two phonemes: /o/ vs. /ɔ/, /s/ vs. /ɹ/
spark/stark are minimal pairs: /spaɹk/ /staɹk |
B | ear/heard Hint: ear/heard differ in more than two phonemes: /i/ vs. /ʌ/, final /d/ in heard
spark/stark are minimal pairs: /spaɹk/ /staɹk |
C | spark/stark |
Question 10 |
Which are minimal pairs?
A | are/hare Hint: are/hare differ in two phonemes: /a/ vs. /e/, initial /h/ in hare
eyes/ice are minimal pairs: /ajz/ /ajs/ |
B | eyes/ice |
C | moon/mind Hint: moon/mind differ in two phonemes: /u/ vs. /aj/, final /d/ in mind
eyes/ice are minimal pairs: /ajz/ /ajs/ |
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