Psycholinguistics: An Introduction to Memory 1.1

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This exercise will familiarize you with basic terminology, components, and models of Short Term Memory, Working Memory, and Long Term Memory.

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Question 1

Which component of memory integrates information between visual, spatial, and auditory elements chronologically?

A	episodic buffer
B	visual-spacial sketchpad Hint: The episodic buffer is the component that stores representations or ‘episodes’ that integrate information from the 2 slave systems (phonological (auditory), visual, and spatial).
C	central executive Hint: The episodic buffer is the component that stores representations or ‘episodes’ that integrate information from the 2 slave systems (phonological (auditory), visual, and spatial).

Question 2

Studies have shown that when stories are contextualized before being presented to subjects, subjects are not able to recall specific details at a highr rate than when stories are presented with no context or background information.

A	true Hint: Bransford and Johnson (1973) showed that when stories were not contextualized by prior knowledge, subjects remembered 3.6 ideas out of 14, as opposed to 8 when stories were contextualized.
B	false

Question 3

In working memory, the Central executive is responsible for integrating visual and semantic information.

A	false
B	true Hint: The central executive for integrating and coordinating information from the two ‘slave’ systems.

Question 4

Which is the component in memoery where language competence is stored and managed?

A	short term memory Hint: Long term memory integrates and synthesizes all information obtained throughout the life-span which includes all one knows about his/her language(s).
B	long term memory
C	working memory Hint: Long term memory integrates and synthesizes all information obtained throughout the life-span which includes all one knows about his/her language(s).

Question 5

A main component of the phonological loop is the articulatory rehearsal component that can reactivate the memory traces found in the phonological store.

A	false Hint: The two main components of the phonological loop are the phonological store articulatory rehearsal component.
B	true

Question 6

Studies in memory show that individuals recall word meaning over word order, i.e. passive vs. active sentences.

A	true
B	false Hint: Sachs et al. (1967) showed in a memory task that tested shift in meaning vs. word order, that even when subjects’ ability to detect changes in word order was completely lost, the shift in meaning was recalled even after the longest time lapse.

Question 7

Which is NOT a component of the visual-spatial sketchpad?

A	Stores information accumulated visually. Hint: The visual spatial sketchpad is where visual and spatial input are received and managed including storing information accumulated visually. It does not handle phonological input. Evidence for this is that brain damage to one area does not affect the other.
B	Stores information about the location and speed of an event. Hint: The visual spatial sketchpad is where visual and spatial input are received and managed, including the storage of information about the location and speed of an event. It does not handle phonological input. Evidence for this is that brain damage to one area does not affect the other.
C	Can distinguish between visual and phonological input.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the two ‘slave’ systems in working memory?

A	Episodic buffer
B	Visuo-spatial Hint: The visuo-patial sketchpad is responsible for managing visual input, where as episodic buffer is referred to as the holding tank for all information on a fairly short term basis.
C	Phonological loop Hint: The phonological loop is responsible for managing phonological input, where as episodic buffer is referred to as the holding tank for all information on a fairly short term basis.

Question 9

Short-term memory is not depleted more quickly when carrying out several tasks at once.

A	true Hint: Short-term memory stores relatively limited amounts of information that is active and readily accessible. Access of STM is affected by task overload.
B	false

Question 10

Which is the component in memoery where real-world knowledge is processed, as well as inferences drawn from that knowledge?

A	working memory Hint: Long term memory stores unlimited information gathered from real-world knowledge based on importance (the inferences and connotations linked to this knowledge).
B	long term memory
C	short term memory Hint: Long term memory stores unlimited information gathered from real-world knowledge based on importance (the inferences and connotations linked to this knowledge).

Question 11

The phonological store is where phonological information is mapped to the recently used lexical entries.

A	true Hint: The phonological store is where phonological information is temporarily stored upon entering short term memory.
B	false

Question 12

Long-term memory is referred to as the search engine of the brain.

A	false
B	true Hint: Working memory is referred to as the search engine of the brain and not long-term memory.

Question 13

Studies in memory show that when a concept is present in an utterance, it will be recalled (after delay) as opposed to an utterance in which the item referred to is not present.

A	false Hint: Kaup and Zwaan (2003) showed that subjects were able to recall the ‘dress’ in (a) but not as accurately in (b). a) Vlad was relieved that Agnes was wearing her pink dress. b) Vlad was relieved that Agnes was not wearing her pink dress.
B	true

Question 14

Studies have shown that long-term memory stores information based on chronological order.

A	true Hint: Studies have shown that long-term memory stores all information concerning linguistic competence, and is able to recall personal experiences and events as images, however it has not been shown that LTM stores information based on chronological order.
B	false

Question 15

Which is NOT a feature of Working Memory:

A	Has the ability to focus attention while performing other simple tasks
B	Operates over a matter of seconds Hint: Working Memory does perform tasks in a matter of seconds, however has a limited amount of capacity for processing information thus can only perform a single task at a time.
C	Is responsible for the manipulation of information Hint: Working Memory is responsible for the manipulation of information (processing, storing) however has a limited amount of capacity for processing information thus can only perform a single task at a time.

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There are 15 questions to complete.

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Psycholinguistics: An Introduction to Memory 1.1

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