Syntax: Transformations: Yes/No Questions

In English, yes/no questions are formed by inverting the subject and the auxiliary verb. To form such a structure the auxiliary verb (located at I head) moves to C head to precede the subject. This operation is referred to as MOVE AUX. In sentences where there is no overt auxiliary verb, 'do' must be inserted at I head. Because verbal agreement is located at the I node, 'do' will take on tense and person agreement (which is marked on the matrix verb in the absence of an overt auxiliary). Example #1: (Note: An 'e' marks the empty position from which the auxiliary has moved.) Harriet has seen the art exhibit. I --> C movement: Has Harriet e seen the art exhibit? Example #2: (do-insertion) Harriet loves Superman. Do-insertion: Harriet does love Superman. I --> C movement: Does Harriet love Superman? Example 3: Superman saved the day. Do-insertion: Superman did save the day. I --> C movement: Did Superman save the day? For each of the sentences below, draw the tree, using arrows to show the movements. Answers are given in both simple and X-bar form.